KEOPS : KErguelen :compared study of the Ocean and the Plateau in Surface water
   RESEARCHERS  &  LABS  &  PUBLICATIONS

( 21-Jan-2004 / sB/mpT)
     
(click to go to ...) International cooperations
KEOPS and the international research programs
List of parameters and methods
Individual contributions (% of time)
Available equipments
References of the KEOPS community
   
   
   
 

International co-operations

  Foreign scientists of eight different countries have expressed their interest in the project KEOPS. They are summarised in the table below. They propose innovative work that fits well with the objectives of KEOPS. The proposed studies complete also nicely the expertise of the French participants. Most of the foreign contributors have already collaborated with other participants of KEOPS, especially in the Southern Ocean.

 

country

institut

name

Project

Previous collaboration with french participants

berths

Australia

ACRC

Trull T.

Export d13C and d15N

SAZ

 

 

 

Bowie A.

Iron chemistry

IRONAGES

 

 

 

Armand

phytoplankton

 

 

 

CSIRO

Griffith B.

P-I curve, possibly CDOM

ANTARES 4, SAZ

4

 

 

 

 

 

 

Belgium

VUV

Savoye N.

Tracers of export

ANTARES, SAZ

 

 

 

Cardinal D.

Tracers of export

 

 

 

 

Dehairs F.

Tracers of export

ANTARES, SAZ

 

 

 

Jacquet S

Tracers of export

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

Germany

IFMK

Croot P.

Iron (II) and iron ligands

IRONAGES

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

Greece

CNRM

Christaki U.

Mesoplankton bacteria

POMME

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

Netherlands

NIOZ

De Baar H.

Iron biogeochemistry

IRONAGES, ANT

 

 

 

Gerringa L.

Iron photochemistry

IRONAGES

 

 

 

Laan P.

Iron biogeochemistry

IRONAGES

 

 

 

Timmermans K.

Iron phytoplankton

IRONAGES

 

 

 

Kramer J.

Iron chemistry

 

3

 

 

Hernl G.

Bacteria

ANTARES 4

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

New Zealand

NIWA

Boyd P.

Iron-light

SAZ

1

 

 

Law C.

N2O, CH4, CO

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

United Kingdom

SOC

Pollard R.

Physics, ADCP

ANTARES 4

1

 

UEA

Turner S.

Halocarbon, alkylnitrate

IRONAGES

 

 

 

Liss P.

Halocarbon, alkylnitrate

IRONAGES

 

 

 

Chuck A.

Halocarbon, alkylnitrate

IRONAGES

1

 

UC

De la Rocha

30dSi

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

United State

UD

Hutchins D.

Iron phytoplankton

SAZ

1

 

UD

Church T.

Polonium

 

 

 

WHOI

Buesseler K.

Thorium

 

 

 

The Australian community brings an important contribution to KEOPS. In addition to the expertise of the different collaborators mentioned in the table above, we will deploy an Australian  mooring instrumented with sediment traps (Cooperation Franco Australienne).

A collaboration is also established with Japan. Three different Japanese projects will take place in the Southern part of the Kerguelen plateau (2003-2006). Although these projects are not fully dedicated to biogeochemistry, they will provide useful information on the spatial variability of environmental conditions and biogeochemical processes in this area. In the case of iron, which is a critical parameter, but difficult to acquire, an intercomparison will be made with the Japanese team of S. Takeda. Samples from the Japanese cruise (2003) will be analysed in Brest and we will send samples collected during KEOPS to Japan. (Dr S. Takeda was the PI of the SEED project. A successful iron fertilisation experiment in the subarctic Pacific in 2001).

We have also proposed to organise a common synthesis phase of the different projects (France, Australia, Japan) in 2006. This will facilitate the exchange of data and the organisation of special sessions at international meetings. This will ensure a large dissemination and impact of our findings.

KEOPS and the international research programs.

SOLAS : The general and specific objectives of KEOPS complement well the scientific plan of the international program SOLAS. The specific questions that will be addressed in KEOPS are particularly relevant for focus 1, with special relevance for 1.3) Dimethylsulphide and Climate and 1.4) Iron and marine productivity and also for focus 3) Air-sea flux of CO2 and other long lived radiatively gases. One of the promising approaches mentioned in the SOLAS document is to use the plume of iron-rich waters “down stream” of islands located in the deep ocean as natural laboratories. An effort has been made in KEOPS to include collaborators that are experts in atmospheric chemistry (aerosol, DMS, gases with oxidising capacity).

 

OCEANS : there is a recent initiative from IGBP and SCOR to create a new ten-year international research program called: Ocean biogeoChemistry and Ecosystems AnalySis, ‘OCEANS’. The background material presented to stimulate discussion at the Open Science Conference (http://www.igbp.kva.se/obe/background.html) indicates that KEOPS can easily be placed under the umbrella of this program. A poster summarising the objectives and the strategies of KEOPS will be presented at the conference.

 

FP6 : The sixth program  for research of the European Community: It will be launched in November. Considering KEOPS, two different initiatives are important.

 

The network of excellence “ECCO” Ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, and global change in the anthropocene ocean: (PIs P. Tréguer IUEM and L. Legendre LOV). KEOPS is relevant to the proposed “jointly executed research” :  Testing the biogeochemical iron fertilisation approach to carbon sequestration in the ocean.

 

The Integrated Project: “ACCESS” Antarctic Circumpolar Climate and Ecosystem Study. (PI V. Strass AWI, GE). The project aims to address the following questions:

-Which physical, biological and chemical processes in the Southern Ocean control the global and hence also european climate development.

-How sensitive are Southern Ocean processes and systems to climate change.

-Can large scale iron-fertlisation of the Southern Ocean provide a solution to the green house problem?

 

Two meetings are planned to refine both projects before the first call for proposal of the FP6. The KEOPS community will be present at the ECCO meeting (P.Treguer and B. quéguiner),  and at the ACCESS meeting (Bremerhaven, 21-23 Nov. ) S. Blain.

However, at the present day, it is not possible to say if both or one of the proposals will be relevant to the first call.

Parameters and Methods

 

Hydrodynamics and optics

  • -salinity, temperature, turbidity : sensors
  • -currents: ADCP and currentmeter, turbidity : sensors
  • -photosynthetic active radiations (in air and water).

Chemistry and geochemistry

  • -Dissolved oxygen:  Oxygen sensor and Winkler method.
  • -Nutrients : Nitrate, silicic acid, phosphate and ammonia : segmented flow analysis
  • -Iron : on board analysis by Flow injection analysis with on line preconcentration and chemiluminescence detection. In situ analyser organic iron by competitive exchange CSV.
  • -Other trace metal (Al, Mn): preconcentration and ICPMS.
  • -DOC: high temperature catalytic oxidation method.
  • -pCO2, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity:  (in the framework of OISO)
  • -DMS, DMSP, NMHC, NO2, CH4, CH3X, CH3NO3 : Gas chromatograhy
  • -DMSe : atomic fluorescence for Se and Hg)
  • -Trace element concentrations in particles : ICP/ MS
  • -Major elements in particles : ICP/AES 
  • -Ra isotopes g : Low level counting underground laboratory
  • -Pb, Pa, Th isotopes: MC/ICPMS, Nd isotopes : TIMS
  • 234Th : b counting on board.
  • -Ba : SEM/MEB and ICPMS.
  • -9Be and 10Be :

 

Phytoplankton :

  • -in situ fluorence, pigments: HPLC, chlorophyll (incubation): flurometry
  • -biomass: Particulate Organic carbon, Particulate Organic nitrogen, Biogenic silica
  • -Phytoplankton : microscopial identification and partition biomass within the different microphytoplankton species, abundance of pico and nano plankton by flow cytometry.
  • -32Si uptake and kinetics, 33P uptake,13C and 15N uptake and regeneration. 55Fe regeneration experiments, 14C P-I curve, b counting on board.
  • - 30Si uptake and dissolution: mass spectromery
  • - 30dSi, 15dN, 13dC, : mass spectrometry
  • FV/FM individual cell measurement, FV/FM bulk population measurements, Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometry, Phyto-PAM fluorometry and cell manipulation techniques

  Zooplankton

  • -microzooplankton abundances, biomass, microscopy.
  • -Size spectra, abundances, biomasses of mesozooplankton from net tows over the water upper column (0-200 m). Classical net tow samples with a Bongo Net 200 µm at the stations.  Sample preservations processed later with a Lab-OPC to obtain zooplankton size spectra and with binocular for faunistic distributions (species, genus). Sample fraction for further CHN analysis on large size fractions (200-300 µm; 300-500 µm; 500-1000µm; >1000 µm).
  • -Video profiler.

 

Heterotrophic bacteria and virus
  • Bacterial abundance and viability. Epifluorescence microscopy and FCM technique. Viability will be studied through observation of integrity of membrane (Gregori et al.(2001)
  • Bacterial production : leucine technique (Smith & Azam 1992), size class bacterial production with on some selected profiles. Bacterial reassimilation of phytoplankton extracellular release. The method is based by size fractionation technique coupled to primary production measurements  (Fernandez et al., 1994)
  • Bacterial diversity. Prokaryotic diversity (Bacteria and Archaea) will be determined by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Furthermore cloning and sequencing of selected bands obtained by DGGE will be performed. To obtain information on the fluctuation in abundance of the major bacterial groups (alpha-, beta-, gamma-Proteobacteria, Cytophaga-Bacteriodes-Flavobacter [CBF]) during the course of the iron enrichment, fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) will be combined with microautoradiography (MICRO-FISH).
  • Viral production, the effect of viruses on bacterial mortality and the frequency of bacteria with a dormant viral genome (lysogeny) will be assessed using a viral reduction approach (Weinbauer et al. 2002). Moreover, a subsample of the virus concentrate will be used to assess the diversity of the viral community as differences in genome size distribution as assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (Steward 2001).

French partcipation

NOM / NAME LABO. FONCTION % participation Expertise
Alfaro S. LISA MCF aerosols   x
Amouroux D. LCABIE CR1 DMX, Hg 25  
Bareille G. LCABIE CR1 trace metals 15  
Belviso S. LSCE CR DMS 50  
Beucher C. LEMAR Post doc silicon cycle 50  
Blain S. (2) LEMAR MCF  iron bgc cycle 40  
Bombled B. LSCE Tech CEA sediment 20  
Bonsang B. LSCE DR HCNM 10  
Bourles CEREGE PR Be isotope 20  
Bournot C. DT INSU IE mooring CTD 25  
Carlotti F. LOB arcachon DR mesozooplank. 20  
Chassarin J.B. MNHN Hydro. 30  
Claustre H. LOV DR pigments 10  
Corvaisier R. LEMAR AI Silicon 25  
Denis M. LOB DR flow cytometry 30  
Diaz F. LOB MCF nitrogen bgc cycle 25  
Donnard O. LCABIE DR2 met bgc cycle   x
Durand I. MNHN Hydro salinity 100  
Garcia N. LOB IE nutrients 10  
Gaudichet A. LISA Pr aerosols 10  
Gorsky G. LOV CR video profiler 15  
Guieu C. LOV CR aerosol 25  
Jeandel C. (1) LEGOS DR tracer geo 25  
Laes A. LEMAR PhD  iron bgc cycle 30  
Le Blond N. LOV IE sediment traps 50  
Le Fevre D. LOB CR respiration 30  
LosnoE. LISA MCF aerosols 15  
Maille LISA Tech aerosol   x
Moutin T. LOB MCF Phosphorus bgc cycle 10  
Obernosterer I. OOB Post doc bacteria UV   x
Park Y. MNHN Hydro. Current.. 50  
Patricio M. LSCE IE HCNM 25  
Peycheran LCABIE IR2 analyt. Tech   x
Picheral M. LOV IE video profiler 20  
Pinaly H. LCABIE IE2 UPPA analyt. Tech 10  
Point D. LCABIE PhD trace metals 20  
Pradoux C. LEGOS Tech. UPS tracer geo. 40  
Quéguiner B.(4) LOB PR Silicon bgc cycle, phyto 30  
Rabouille C. LSCE CR CEASediment 20  
Raimbaut P. LOB DR nitrogen bgc cycle   x
Ras J. LOV IE  pigments 30  
Reyss J.L. LSCE. DR2 Th, Pa isotope 20  
Rimmelin P. LOB IE nutrients 50  
Robin E. LSCE CR CEA sediment 20  
Roy-Barman M. LSCE MCF Th, Pa isotope 25  
Sarthou G. LEMAR CR2 iron bgc cycle 50  
Sempere R. LMM CR DOC, UV 15  
Souhaut M. LEGOS AGT UPS, tracer geo. 40  
Tedetti M. LMM Phd st. DOC UV 30  
Tessier E. LCABIE PhD DMX, Hg 20  
Tréguer P. LEMAR PR Silicon bgc cycle 25  
Van Wambeke F.(3) LMM CR  microbiology 25  
Viollier E. LGE MCF sediment 20  
Weinbauer M. LOV CR virus 25  
X DT INSU Mooring CTD 25  
X LEGOS MCF rec. UPS tracer geo 35  
X LEMAR PhD  iron bgc cycle 100  
X LOB PhD 100  
X LOB arcachon Phd St. mesozooplank. 50  
X LOV/UPCM Post doc profiler 80  
X LSCE Phd   DMS 100  
X LSCE LGE PhD   sediment 30  
X LOV PhD  aerosol 30  
 

Other countries involved in KEOPS operation

NOM / NAME LABO. FONCTION % participation Expertise
Armand CSIRO (Aus) Dr. Phyto. 30  
Bowie A. CRC  (Aus) Dr., iron 50  
Boyd P. NIWA (NZ) Dr. ron-light phyto phyto 25  
Buesseler K WHOI (USA) Dr. Th   x
Cardinal D. VUB (Be) Dr. Post doc Ba 20  
Christaki U. NCRM  (Gr) Dr. microzooplankton 30  
Chuck A. UEA(UK) Dr.Halocarbon, alkyl nitrate 20  
Church T. UD (USA) Pr. Polonium 10  
Croot P. IFM Kiel (Ge) Dr. biogéochimie fer 25  
Dehairs F. VUB (Be) Pr. Ba Th 10  
Gerringa L. NIOZ (NL) Dr biogéochimie fer 30  
Griffith B. CSIRO (Aus) Dr. P-I curve 60  
Hein De baar H. NIOZ  (NL) Pr. biogéochimie fer 10  
Hernl G. NIOZ (NL) Pr.Bacterie 15  
Hutchins D. UD (USA) Dr. Iron-phyto. 25  
Jacquet S VUB (Be) PhD Ba 20  
Kramer J. NIOZ (NL) Tch. Fer 20  
Laan P. NIOZ (NL) Ing.biogéochimie fer 20  
Law C. NIWA (NZ) Dr.N2O, CH 4 20  
Liss P. UEA (UK) Pr. Halocarbon, alkyl nitrate 10  
Pollard R. SOC (UK) Dr.physics 40  
Savoye N. VUB (Be) Dr. Post doc Th 50  
Timmermans K. NIOZ (NL) Dr. phytoplankton 30  
Trull T. CRC (Aus) Dr. Carbon export 50  
Turner S. UEA (UK) Dr. Halocarbon, alkyl nitrate 20  
Van Beek P. UE (U.K) Dr. Post Doc radioisotope 50  
X NIOZ (NL) Post doc 100  
X NIWA (BZ) Tech. 50  

 

LABORATORIES

 

Laboratoire -responsable paramètre
CEREGE Bourles Be
LCABIE Amouroux DMSe
LEGOS Jeandel Nd, REE
LEMAR Blain Fe
TdFe
other met.
Fe
LEMAR Treguer 30Si d30Si
LISA Gaudichet Losno aerosol
LMM Sempere DOC, diac.
DOC,iac.
LMM Van Wambeke

 

Bact.
LOB Denis cyto
LOB Lefevre Resp.
LOB Quéguiner

 

Nut. incub.
Nut. prof
OPM
phyto
32Si
33P
13C, 15N
LOB Arc Carlotti mesozoo
LOV Claustre pigment
LOV Guieu aerosol
LOV Gorsky pvm
LOV Leblond trappe
LOV Weinbauer virus
LSCE belviso DMS
DMSP
LSCE Bonsang HCNM
LSCE Reyss Radio isot.
LSCE Roy Barman Th, Pa
LSCE Rabouille Sed.
MNHN Park Phys.
DT INSU Bournot-marec Moorings
LEMAR Blain gases
N2 Liquid
Dry ice
   
Available equipments for the project
 
 

Equipment DT INSU

quantity

CTDOD +rosette 24+ 24 bouteilles

1

Fluorimeter

1

Transmissiometer

1

PAR surface and in situ

1

pinger

1

Clean an for chemistry

1

Winch and kevlar cable (400 m)

1

Titanium frame 12 bouttle + autofire module + pressure sensor

1

in situ pumps.

6

Driffting sediment traps. (2 traps+ argos + gonio)

1

Mooreed sediment traps. (two moorings 500-800 m, one  4500 m)

3

Sediment traps PPS5

6

Multi corers

1

Current meters

6

11 currentmeters or 2 ADCP + 2 currentmeters  or 1 ADCP +6 currenmeters

 

Ensemble flottabilité + reperage

6

In situ chemical profiler

1

In situ fluorimeter

1

 

 

 

Other national equipments

 

b counting system (LOB)

1

b counting system (LEMAR)

1

 

 

Equipment in laboratories

laboratory

b counting system (RISO)

UVB

b counting system

LEMAR

Atomic Fluoresence detectors for Se and Hg analysis on board (x2)

LCABIE

Carbon analyser Shimatzu TOC 5000

LMM

Clean pump and pipes (200m) for surface trace metal sampling

LOV

Clean rooms

LEMAR

Clean rooms

LEGOS

Clean rooms

CEREGE

Dissolved Oxygen measurement

LMM

FIA system chemiluminescence detection for porphyrin analysis

LEMAR

FIA system with preconcentration and chemiluminescence detection for iron analysis

LEMAR

Filtration units Teflon-lined for suspended particles collection (x2)

LCABIE

Flow-cytometer

LOB

Gas Chromatograph VARIAN 3800 PFPD detection,

LSCE

Go Flo bottles 12 l

LEMAR

ICP AES

LOV

ICP MS

CEREGE

ICP MS

Gif/ Yvette

ICP/MS high resolution (PlasmaTrace 2 - Micromass)

LCABIE

ICPMS Multi Collector

LEGOS

ICP/MS quadrupole (Elan 6000 - Perkin Elmer, X7 Collision Cell  -Thermo Optek) (x2)

LCABIE

Laboratory van

IUEM

Liquid scintillation counter

LMM

Liquid scintillation counter

LEMAR

Mass spectrometer

LOB

Mass spectrometer TIMS

LEMAR

Mass spectrometer TIMS

LEGOS

Nutrients analysers technicon

Underground laboratory for gamma counting (Modane)

LOB

LSCE

Purge and trap units for gaseous compounds collection (x2)

LCABIE

SEM/MEB

Gif/ Yvette

Spectrofluorimeter

LMM

Video profiler

LOV

 

 

 

 

 

 

KEOPS 
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19 juin, 2009
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